{"id":13159,"date":"2021-09-16T16:00:39","date_gmt":"2021-09-16T14:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/file-formats\/plain-text\/unicode\/"},"modified":"2021-09-20T11:29:54","modified_gmt":"2021-09-20T09:29:54","slug":"unicode","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/file-formats\/plain-text\/unicode\/","title":{"rendered":"Unicode"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Unicode was introduced with the promise to tidy up most character issues present in older plain text encodng. The Unicode standard is a major achievement. It not only maps nearly every written glyph unto a unique number, it also defines the notions of upper case and lower case intelligently, and it defines types of characters, such as letters, numerals, punctuation, and much more. Associated with Unicode are several encodings to map the unique numbers to streams of bits in efficient ways.<\/p>\n<p>In today&#8217;s world, UTF8 is very common, and especially suited to Western languages, because it coincides with ASCII for the ASCII characters. Other encodings are UTF16 and UTF32.<\/p>\n<p>Unicode text is a preferred format under the <a href=\"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/file-formats\/plain-text\/\">Plain text<\/a> file type.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unicode was introduced with the promise to tidy up most character issues present in older plain text encodng. The Unicode standard is a major achievement. It not only maps nearly every written glyph unto a unique number, it also defines the notions of upper case and lower case intelligently, and it defines types of characters, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"parent":13050,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13159","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>File formats: Unicode | DANS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/file-formats\/plain-text\/unicode\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"File formats: Unicode | DANS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Unicode was introduced with the promise to tidy up most character issues present in older plain text encodng. The Unicode standard is a major achievement. It not only maps nearly every written glyph unto a unique number, it also defines the notions of upper case and lower case intelligently, and it defines types of characters, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DANS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Data-Archiving-and-Networked-Services-DANS-140231255994524\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-09-20T09:29:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dans_knaw_nwo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/file-formats\\\/plain-text\\\/unicode\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/file-formats\\\/plain-text\\\/unicode\\\/\",\"name\":\"File formats: Unicode | DANS\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-16T14:00:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-09-20T09:29:54+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/file-formats\\\/plain-text\\\/unicode\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/file-formats\\\/plain-text\\\/unicode\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/file-formats\\\/plain-text\\\/unicode\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"File formats\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/file-formats\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Plain text\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/file-formats\\\/plain-text\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Unicode\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"DANS\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dans.knaw.nl\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"File formats: Unicode | DANS","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/file-formats\/plain-text\/unicode\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"File formats: Unicode | DANS","og_description":"Unicode was introduced with the promise to tidy up most character issues present in older plain text encodng. The Unicode standard is a major achievement. It not only maps nearly every written glyph unto a unique number, it also defines the notions of upper case and lower case intelligently, and it defines types of characters, [&hellip;]","og_site_name":"DANS","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Data-Archiving-and-Networked-Services-DANS-140231255994524\/","article_modified_time":"2021-09-20T09:29:54+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@dans_knaw_nwo","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/file-formats\/plain-text\/unicode\/","url":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/file-formats\/plain-text\/unicode\/","name":"File formats: Unicode | DANS","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-09-16T14:00:39+00:00","dateModified":"2021-09-20T09:29:54+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/file-formats\/plain-text\/unicode\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/file-formats\/plain-text\/unicode\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/file-formats\/plain-text\/unicode\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"File formats","item":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/file-formats\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Plain text","item":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/file-formats\/plain-text\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Unicode"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/","name":"DANS","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13159"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14100,"href":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13159\/revisions\/14100"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dans.knaw.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}